The
Sub-Fund's investment portfolio may fall in value due to any of the key
risk factors below and therefore your investment in the Sub-Fund may
suffer losses. There is no guarantee of the repayment of principal.
There is no assurance that the Sub-Fund will achieve its investment
objective.
New innovation risk: Ether is a relatively new
innovation and the market for ether is subject to rapid price swings,
changes and uncertainty. It is not backed by any authorities, government
or corporations. Continued and further development of the Ethereum
Network and the acceptance and use of ether are subject to a variety of
factors that are difficult to predict or evaluate. Any cessation or
reversal of such development of the Ethereum Network or the acceptance
of ether may adversely affect the price of ether and thus the Sub-Fund’s
investment.
Unforeseeable risks: Given the rapidly
evolving nature of ether, including advancements in the underlying
technology, market disruptions and resulting governmental interventions
that are unforeseeable, an investor may be exposed to additional risks
which cannot currently be predicted.
Speculative risk:
Ether is highly speculative as it has limited track record and lack of
intrinsic value. Its value is primarily driven by supply and demand
dynamics within the ether market and does not generate cash flows.
Extreme
price volatility risk: Investing in ether and related products is
highly volatile compared to investments in traditional securities, and
their price movements are difficult to predict. The prices of ether have
historically been extremely volatile. For example, the price of ether
dropped 76% during the period from 10 November 2021 to 9 November 2022.
Also, the value of ether could decline significantly in a short period
of time and without warning, including to zero. For example, in 2020,
the biggest single-day drop of the price of ether was 44%. The value of
the Sub-Fund’s investments in ether could decline significantly and
without warning, including to zero.
Risk relating to the
limited history of ether: Ether and the Ethereum Network have a limited
history, therefore, it is unclear how all elements of ether will unfold
over time, specifically with regard to governance between miners,
developers and users, as well as the long-term security model as the
mining reward of ether decreases over time. Insufficient software
development or any other unforeseen challenges that the ether community
is not able to resolve could have an adverse impact on ether price and
thus the Sub-Fund’s investment.
Cybersecurity, fraud,
market manipulation and security failure risk: Ether may be subject to
the risk of fraud, theft, manipulation or security failures, operational
or other problems that impact ether trading venues. In particular, the
Ethereum Network and entities that hold ether in custody or facilitate
the transfers or trading of ether are vulnerable to various cyber
attacks. Malicious actors may also exploit flaws in the code or
structure in the Ethereum Network that will allow them to, among other
things, steal ether held by others, control the blockchain, steal
personally identifying information, or issue significant amounts of
ether in contravention of the protocols. The occurrence of any of the
above may have negative impact on the price of ether and thus the
Sub-Fund’s investment.
Concentration of ownership risk: A
significant portion of ether is held by a small number of holders who
may have the ability to manipulate the price of ether. As a result,
large sales by such holders could have an adverse effect of the market
price of ether.
Changes in acceptance of ether: The value
of ether is subject to risks related to its usage and there is no
assurance that ether usage will continue to grow over the long-term to
support its value. Reduction or slowdown in the acceptance and/or
prevalence of ether may result in lack of liquidity, increased
volatility or a significant reduction in the price of ether and thus the
Sub-Fund’s investment.
Custody Risk: Ownership and
rights to ether depend on securely storing and knowing the private key.
If the private key is lost without a backup, access to the corresponding
ether address is lost as well, with no possibility of restoration by
the Ethereum Network. While the Manager has conducted due diligence on
the Sub-Custodian and believes that there are security procedures in
place for the Sub-Fund by the Sub-Custodian, the Manager does not
control the Sub-Custodian’s or the virtual asset trading platforms’
operations or their implementation of such security procedures and there
can be no assurance that such security procedures will actually work as
designed or prove to be successful in safeguarding the Sub-Fund’s
assets against all possible sources of theft, loss or damage. While the
Sub-Custodian will store most of the Sub-Fund’s ether holdings in the
cold wallet (i.e. where the private keys to ether are kept in an offline
environment), the Sub-Fund’s ether may be temporarily held online in
the hot wallet (i.e. where the private keys to ether are kept in an
online environment) for meeting the needs of subscriptions and
redemptions, which is more susceptible to cyber-attacks. Any insurance
coverage obtained by or for the Custodian/Sub-Custodian is solely for
the benefit of the Custodian/Sub-Custodian and does not guarantee or
insure the Sub-Fund in any way. There is no third-party insurance held
on behalf of the ether accounts. The Sub-Fund itself does not insure its
holdings in ether. While the Sub-Custodian is required by the
applicable Laws and Regulations to have in place a compensation
arrangement to cover potential loss of client Virtual Assets through
third-party insurance or other permitted means, such compensation
arrangement is shared among all clients of the Sub-Custodian and is not
specific to the Sub-Fund. There is no assurance that such compensation
arrangement is adequate to protect the Virtual Assets of the Sub-Fund
from all possible losses. Where the compensation arrangement of the
Sub-Custodian is not sufficient to cover the loss of Virtual Assets of
the Sub-Fund, neither the Manager nor the Sub-Fund will be responsible
for the shortfall.
Counterparty Risk: Counterparty risk
involves the risk that a counterparty or third party (e.g. the
Custodian, the Sub-Custodian and virtual asset trading platform(s)) will
not fulfil its obligations to a Sub-Fund and settle a transaction in
accordance with market practice. A Sub-Fund may be exposed to the risk
of a counterparty through investments. A Sub-Fund may be exposed to the
credit risk of any Custodian, Sub-Custodian and virtual asset trading
platform(s), or any depository used by the Custodian where cash or other
Scheme Property is held by the Custodian, Sub-Custodian or other
depositaries. In the event of the insolvency of the Custodian,
Sub-Custodian or other depositaries, a Sub-Fund will be treated as a
general creditor of the Custodian, Sub-Custodian or other depositaries
in relation to cash holdings of the relevant Sub-Fund. The Sub-Fund’s
investments are however maintained by the Custodian, Sub-Custodian or
other depositaries in segregated accounts and should be protected in the
event of insolvency of the Custodian, Sub-Custodian or other
depositaries. A Custodian may be unable to perform its obligations due
to credit-related and other events like insolvency of or default of it.
In these circumstances the relevant Sub-Fund may be required to unwind
certain transactions and may encounter delays of some years and
difficulties with respect to court procedures in seeking recovery of the
relevant Sub-Fund’s assets.
Regulatory risk: The
regulation on ether, digital assets and related products and services
continues to evolve and increase. To the extent that future regulatory
actions or policies limit or restrict ether usage, ether trading or the
ability to convert ether to fiat currencies, the demand for and value of
ether may be reduced significantly. Changes to existing regulation
(e.g., regarding dealing in virtual asset-related products) may also
impact the ability of the Sub-Fund to achieve its investment objective
or operate as planned.
Fork risk: As the Ethereum Network
is an open-source project, the developers may suggest changes to the
ethereum software from time to time. If the updated ethereum software is
not compatible with the original ethereum software and a sufficient
number (but not necessarily a majority) of users and miners elect not to
migrate to the updated ethereum software, this would result in a “hard
fork” of the Ethereum Network, with one prong running the earlier
version of the ethereum software and the other running the updated
ethereum software, resulting in the existence of two versions of
Ethereum Network running in parallel and a split of the blockchain
underlying the Ethereum Network. The occurrence of such “fork” may
result in an adverse impact on the price and liquidity of ether and thus
the Sub-Fund’s investment.
Air drop risk: A substantial
giveaway of ether to participants in the Ethereum Network (sometimes
referred to as an “air drop”) may result in a significant and unexpected
declines in the value of ether and thus the Sub-Fund’s investment.
Contagion
risk: The collapse of any major players in the crypto ecosystem (for
example, wallets and exchanges) may have contagious adverse effects on
the values of virtual assets including ether and the value of the
Sub-Fund’s investments.
Control and potential
manipulation of Ethereum Network risk: Ethereum Network is vulnerable to
malicious attack and malicious actor would be able to gain full control
of the network and the ability to manipulate the blockchain. If an
entity gains control of over 51% of the compute power (requiring 51%
ownership of the ether that is staked with validators) the entity could
use its majority share to double spend ether (i.e. the entity would send
ether to one recipient, which is confirmed in the existing blockchain,
while also creating a shadow blockchain that sends that same ether to
another entity under its control). After a period of time, the entity
will release its hidden blockchain and reverse previously confirmed
transactions, and due to the way mining works, that new blockchain will
become the record of truth. This would significantly erode trust in the
Ethereum Network as a store of value and means of exchange which may
significantly decrease the value of the ether and in turn the NAV of the
Shares. The two largest miners or pools of Ethereum control in the
aggregate more than 51% of the Ethereum Network.
Illicit
use of ether: Ether can be used to purchase illegal goods, fund illicit
activities or launder money. Negative developments of ether may affect
the general outlook on the industry as a whole, trigger governmental
intervention/restrictions/regulations, and may have adverse effect on
the Sub-Fund’s investments.
Risks associated with virtual
asset trading platforms: The virtual asset trading platforms that the
Sub-Fund may acquire and dispose of ether which are still developing.
The ether traded on these virtual asset trading platforms may be subject
to lower liquidity compared to other spot ether trading venue. As such,
there may be a delay in the Sub-Fund's ability to acquire or dispose of
its investments from these virtual asset trading platforms. The bid and
offer spreads of the price of ether on these virtual asset trading
platforms may be large and the Sub-Fund may incur significant trading
costs. In the event that the virtual asset trading platform’s licence
from the SFC is being revoked/terminated or otherwise invalidated, the
Sub-Fund may be prohibited from conducting transactions and acquisitions
of ether.